Sunday, March 8, 2015

Hudson’s Alpine Furniture

            Case Study:
Hudson’s Alpine Furniture
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The Hudson’s Alpine Furniture was founded in 1998 by Della Hudson and Ralph Hudson in the regions of Queanbeyan NSW. It is relatively small firm which specializes in manufacturing of customized timber furniture. The initial phases were marked by a smooth phase of orders. Recently, the organization is facing a tough time as the number of commercial orders are increasing. This paper focuses the production and operation management techniques used by the firm. Also, a set of recommendations have been provided in the paper which can be applied by the organization to bring in a greater degree of efficiency (Greene 1994).
It has been analyzed in the case study provided that the management lacks a dedicated production department. The management in the traditional times have been dealing with the customised private users where delivery on time was relatively less important compared to value and quality of the furniture ordered. It is also observed that the organization is applying the Intermittent Production system. This type of system is useful when the required orders are constantly changing and the specifications have to be changed substantially with every new order. The other drawback identified with the current operational techniques in place is that the senior management is lacking the required time for strategic thinking. Most of their respective time goes in giving approvals for the peripheral issues. This should be intuitively changed to delegation of the authority to a specialized department who will meet the senior management once or twice in a week to get the due approvals on all the relatively smaller issues. The production manager would also be empowered to take decision of similar nature unless it is of a different nature which would require a discussion with the senior management. It is also identified that Hudson Alpine Furniture must not at any cost neglect the existing opportunities which they are presented with the given increase in the commercial orders. This will potentially lead to expansion of their company. Thus, a there is a great need to devise out strategies which can cater efficiently to both the needs of the customised orders and that of the commercial orders, as both of them have a different nature (Varey 1995).
The Hudson’s Alpine furniture had a vision that they wanted to create a demand for customized goods and they have certainly succeeded in achieving that. However, with this has come an additional opportunity where in the commercial users have also fancied their offerings of furniture and are eager to use the products. This indeed is a result of the excellent services that have been provided by the firm for their private users. One of the differences between the private users and the commercial users is that the commercial users require huge volume of orders and often the same has to deliver on time where time is the most important essence. This is not found in the case of private users as they are more concerned about the value of the product offered and things like quality and durability matter a lot to them. The commercial users are also highly price sensitive in nature and they do expect certain concessions when they order bulk quantities. They are not very possessive about the quality but timely delivery matter a lot to them. Also, it can be observed that customised products take a much longer time in processing of the completed work in comparison to the commercial products where no details have to be checked and hence takes a shorter time in processing. Thus, the two orders should be handled by using different techniques and strategies as the requirements of the two orders are different and hence the system to handle the order should also be different (Whitford 1998).
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The organization currently serves both of these potentially different market segments which are quite different in their characteristics as shown above. The orders for both are manufactured in a single manufacturing unit in Queanbeyan (close to Canberra). The raw materials that are used are of similar nature. The capacity of the manufacturing unit is limited and the huge orders received leave out huge volumes of work in progress. This causes virtually no option for the firm to accept more orders and they are not in a state to accept more orders. Hence, there is a need to being in a change in their operational and production techniques so that they better manage the flowing in orders with greater ease and efficiency.
 The current scenario in the organization lacks a clear definition of a product manager who can account for taking responsibility at various stages of production. Hudson’s Alpine Furniture lacks a clear definition in their operations and that is why they are facing troublesome time as the production and sales orders came from different market segments (Whitford 1998).
The operations in Hudson Alpine Furniture organization needs to be redefined so that the different involved departments have the required clarity while operating in their various departments.
Initially, they need to focus on analysis and designing of the process that they follow. They need to identify clearly how much does it take for a normal commercial order and how much turnaround time to give final shape for a normal private order. There can also be quality management team which would be dedicated towards checking the quality of the manufactured furniture. The complaints of the end customer would also be noticed by him so that the same is not repeated in the future. The supply chain management holds which is highlighted in the figure below is main importance for Hudson Alpine Furniture House firm and they really have to identify and prioritize the orders so that they are able to cater to the respective needs of the various different customers which are identified as the commercial users and the private users. Lastly, there is a need to manage the project overall which can be handled by the senior management as opposed to handling the daily peripheral activities which is happening currently in the organization. Operating in this manner would give them a snapshot view of the operations and hence they would be in a better position to handle the respective affairs of the organization.
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Figure 1
Source: (McQuire 1999)
The diagram below also provides some useful insights for the Hudson Alpine Furniture House. The first is to clearly identify the market place in which they are operating. As given in the case study, the main customers are the private and the commercial users of timber furniture. It is safe to assume that the growing numbers of orders in the commercial customers is a direct result of the excellent services provided by Hudson Alpine Furniture to their respective private users. The next parts of the diagram below shows the corporate strategy which is interlinked by the finance strategy, operations strategy and the marketing strategy. The pre planning stage includes factors such as development of the product and the location of the plant. It also clearly charts out right in front of the concerned department and the senior management what peripheral things are required to be given and undertaken for various smaller tasks that would ultimately be used for the final production process. Also, the diagram above clearly gives the requirements which need to be considered upon the planning stage. Thus, it becomes an important utility as far as the management of the affairs concerning pre planning, planning and control are concerned. The same is lacking in Hudson’s Alpine Furniture firm where the owners have virtually assumed the position of handling all the departments of the organizations. The same notion needs to evolve to better suit the needs of the changing and increasing demands and resulting revenue orders.
Figure 2
Source: (McQuire 1999).
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The Hudson’s Alpine Furniture was founded in 1998 by Della Hudson and Ralph Hudson in the regions of Queanbeyan NSW. It is relatively small firm which specializes in manufacturing of customized timber furniture. The initial phases were marked by a smooth phase of orders. Recently, the organization is facing a tough time as the number of commercial orders are increasing. This paper focuses the production and operation management techniques used by the firm. Also, a set of recommendations have been provided in the paper which can be applied by the organization to bring in a greater degree of efficiency (Greene 1994).
It has been analyzed in the case study provided that the management lacks a dedicated production department. The management in the traditional times have been dealing with the customised private users where delivery on time was relatively less important compared to value and quality of the furniture ordered. It is also observed that the organization is applying the Intermittent Production system. This type of system is useful when the required orders are constantly changing and the specifications have to be changed substantially with every new order. The other drawback identified with the current operational techniques in place is that the senior management is lacking the required time for strategic thinking. Most of their respective time goes in giving approvals for the peripheral issues. This should be intuitively changed to delegation of the authority to a specialized department who will meet the senior management once or twice in a week to get the due approvals on all the relatively smaller issues. The production manager would also be empowered to take decision of similar nature unless it is of a different nature which would require a discussion with the senior management. It is also identified that Hudson Alpine Furniture must not at any cost neglect the existing opportunities which they are presented with the given increase in the commercial orders. This will potentially lead to expansion of their company. Thus, a there is a great need to devise out strategies which can cater efficiently to both the needs of the customised orders and that of the commercial orders, as both of them have a different nature (Varey 1995).
The Hudson’s Alpine furniture had a vision that they wanted to create a demand for customized goods and they have certainly succeeded in achieving that. However, with this has come an additional opportunity where in the commercial users have also fancied their offerings of furniture and are eager to use the products. This indeed is a result of the excellent services that have been provided by the firm for their private users. One of the differences between the private users and the commercial users is that the commercial users require huge volume of orders and often the same has to deliver on time where time is the most important essence. This is not found in the case of private users as they are more concerned about the value of the product offered and things like quality and durability matter a lot to them. The commercial users are also highly price sensitive in nature and they do expect certain concessions when they order bulk quantities. They are not very possessive about the quality but timely delivery matter a lot to them. Also, it can be observed that customised products take a much longer time in processing of the completed work in comparison to the commercial products where no details have to be checked and hence takes a shorter time in processing. Thus, the two orders should be handled by using different techniques and strategies as the requirements of the two orders are different and hence the system to handle the order should also be different (Whitford 1998).
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The organization currently serves both of these potentially different market segments which are quite different in their characteristics as shown above. The orders for both are manufactured in a single manufacturing unit in Queanbeyan (close to Canberra). The raw materials that are used are of similar nature. The capacity of the manufacturing unit is limited and the huge orders received leave out huge volumes of work in progress. This causes virtually no option for the firm to accept more orders and they are not in a state to accept more orders. Hence, there is a need to being in a change in their operational and production techniques so that they better manage the flowing in orders with greater ease and efficiency.
 The current scenario in the organization lacks a clear definition of a product manager who can account for taking responsibility at various stages of production. Hudson’s Alpine Furniture lacks a clear definition in their operations and that is why they are facing troublesome time as the production and sales orders came from different market segments (Whitford 1998).
The operations in Hudson Alpine Furniture organization needs to be redefined so that the different involved departments have the required clarity while operating in their various departments.
Initially, they need to focus on analysis and designing of the process that they follow. They need to identify clearly how much does it take for a normal commercial order and how much turnaround time to give final shape for a normal private order. There can also be quality management team which would be dedicated towards checking the quality of the manufactured furniture. The complaints of the end customer would also be noticed by him so that the same is not repeated in the future. The supply chain management holds which is highlighted in the figure below is main importance for Hudson Alpine Furniture House firm and they really have to identify and prioritize the orders so that they are able to cater to the respective needs of the various different customers which are identified as the commercial users and the private users. Lastly, there is a need to manage the project overall which can be handled by the senior management as opposed to handling the daily peripheral activities which is happening currently in the organization. Operating in this manner would give them a snapshot view of the operations and hence they would be in a better position to handle the respective affairs of the organization.
ozhelpassignment@gmail.com
Figure 1
Source: (McQuire 1999)
The diagram below also provides some useful insights for the Hudson Alpine Furniture House. The first is to clearly identify the market place in which they are operating. As given in the case study, the main customers are the private and the commercial users of timber furniture. It is safe to assume that the growing numbers of orders in the commercial customers is a direct result of the excellent services provided by Hudson Alpine Furniture to their respective private users. The next parts of the diagram below shows the corporate strategy which is interlinked by the finance strategy, operations strategy and the marketing strategy. The pre planning stage includes factors such as development of the product and the location of the plant. It also clearly charts out right in front of the concerned department and the senior management what peripheral things are required to be given and undertaken for various smaller tasks that would ultimately be used for the final production process. Also, the diagram above clearly gives the requirements which need to be considered upon the planning stage. Thus, it becomes an important utility as far as the management of the affairs concerning pre planning, planning and control are concerned. The same is lacking in Hudson’s Alpine Furniture firm where the owners have virtually assumed the position of handling all the departments of the organizations. The same notion needs to evolve to better suit the needs of the changing and increasing demands and resulting revenue orders.
Figure 2
Source: (McQuire 1999).
To get the full project, please buy the Assignment by using this Link
ozhelpassignment@gmail.com



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Lululemon Case Study


Lululemon Case Study
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Table of Contents

 


















Introduction

Lululemon was founded in the year 1998 by now Founder and Chairman Chip Wilson as a speciality retailer which designed, manufactured and sold women’s athletic apparel that was yoga inspired. The company presented a unique blend of culture where employees educated customers about the technology and research that went into their fabrics and why they were better than competitors. Employees were valued and the company soon began to expand. The company had opened a total of 20 stores in Canada by the year 2005 and had become the most favourite athletic brand with combined revenue of $ 40 million. The company then under the leadership of Bob (Former Reebok CEO) undertook an aggressive expansion strategy in Canada and the U.S. By 2008, the company had more than 35 stores and combined revenue of $350 million. The company however faced several issues and the company’s culture began to fall apart as the new CEO Christine Dale stepped in.
In light of this discussion, the current report is aimed at relying on management accounting theories and identifying three unique problems that Lululemon is faced with. The report also attempts to identify causes of these problems and their consequences for the organization.

Cross Boarder Expansion and Location Control

The very first control problem based on management accounting theory that could be identified in the case consists of controlling locations where Lululemon stores would open in the U.S.
A management accounting system in literature is defined as system that has been specifically and uniquely designed for an organization. This system is responsible for the provision of all necessary information that the organization might need for making decisions. In other words, management accounting systems in an organization are responsible for the provision of reliable and accurate information to the organizational management (Broadbent, 2012). In accordance with the Contingency Theory of Management Accounting, this uniquely designed accounting management system for an organization is contingent on situational or circumstantial factors in which a firm is progressing. The theory also suggests that circumstances in which every organization progresses are distinct and they largely impact mechanism, adoption and sophistication of effective accounting management system. Six circumstantial factors have been defined in accordance with the contingency theory. These include the external environment, mission and strategies, technology, firm interdependence, business unit and knowledge of observable factors (Carter et al, 2010).

The case clearly explains that Lululemon emerged as a Canadian entrepreneurial venture. On its way to scaling up, they closely studied the Canadian marketplace and picked up best possible locations for every store. They were able to do this as they were well versed with their customers and their needs. However when the company under Bob Meyer’s aggressive expansion strategy decided to expand cross borders into the U.S, they had fairly limited knowledge to operate on. They were new to the American market, did not understand the real estate in U.S, did not have a very good real estate head in place and they decided to duplicate the Canadian location model in the U.S. As a result, they ended up with several high cost locations where product demand was minimal.
This problem can be explained to be framed by the contingency theory in several ways. In this case, the external environment of the firm was formed by the intersection of taxation laws, supply chain and distribution of two different countries. Given the complexity of the external environment, the company was not well equipped and merely ended up following the advice of local developers in the U.S without adequate research (Parker, 2011).
The corporate strategy and mission of the company at that time had been aggressive expansion. Bob had been provided express directions from the Lululemon investor board that he was to deliver 35 stores. Under these express directions, little attention was paid to actual locations where these stores would be opened and their impact on the company future. Lululemon’s technology at the time of its inception could be categorised as small batch production technology which slowly moved up to large batches as the company expanded. Under the aggressive expansion strategy however, technological readiness of the company could not be moved to mass production with the speed of company expansion. Lastly, Lululemon as a company had been designed on pooled interdependencies and this led to various cost inefficiencies (Parker, 2011).
The greatest consequence of this control problem for the company could be realised in the form of a constant revenue loss. Lululemon was trapped with several locations where the store operating cost was very high. Owing to the fact that there was little to no demand for the product, this money could not be recovered. Furthermore, these locations had been taken on long term leases and it was not possible to get out of these leases thereby resulting in a constant loss of revenue. Lululemon’s difficulties were escalated by the fact that the revenue loss came at a time of global economic recession. A bad real estate policy also served to tarnish the brand’s image in U.S and the brand was often quoted as a failure. Lululemon’s culture could not be maintained in stores with low demand and sales personnel had to press their products rather than merely educating customers. Lastly, since the real estate strategy was not well planned out, the company’s supply chain and distribution network could not be established effectively thereby resulting in further cost inefficiencies (Whittle & Mueller, 2010).

The Cultural Shift and Organizational Tension

Another significant control problem that Lululemon experienced was that of a cultural shift within the organization.
Academic literature presents evidence to the existence of Bourdieu’s theory of practice. In this theory, Bourdieu recognised two major elements namely field and habitus. Here field refereed to overall organizational structure and habitus refereed to knowledgeability of human agents involved within the organization. Both these elements interact with each other on a regular basis and impact on each other. Every individual is a part of this field and is able to include rules and norms of this field into his/her own habitus with the help of knowledge or experience. Furthermore, the theory also suggests that sources of capital that an individual has is responsible for defining the overall level of power of the individual. Capital has been expressed by the theory in terms of economic, cultural and social. Therefore, in accordance with this theory, the most powerful person in the organization would be the one with most number of connections, greatest social influence and most access to economic capital (Bourdieu, 1977).
In this case, the investor board at Lululemon had appointed Bob as the CEO in order to be able to build proper systems, structure and processes within the organization. Bob realised that a lot of work needed to be done within a small time frame and this task might not be possible to properly train and educate the company’s existing staff. In this context, Bob brought in several members from his former company (Reebok) into the management and started giving them express directions. This in turn started taking away from the original model on which the company had been built and organizational personnel started taking these actions personally. This could also be attributed to the fact that very little explanation for any particular action was given and people only know as much as Bob had told them.
This problem can be explained on the basis of Bourdieu’s theory of practice in several ways. When management personnel from Bob’s former company came in, they began to change the manner in which the structure interacted with agents. They started telling people what to do instead of letting them have their say and participate in the decision making process. This rules and norms slowly became ingrained in the habitus of agents working in the organization and this caused a drift away from the original culture. Furthermore, since Bob had access to most resources in the organization, he was inevitably regarded as the most powerful person in the organization. This resulted in everyone following his express directions without questioning any of his strategies or accessing impact of these strategies on the organization in the long run (Ma & Tayles, 2009).
Consequences of this problem could be realised majorly in the form of internal organizational tension. Various departments felt that that Bob is taking their functionality away from them without providing any explanation. They also felt that they were being ruled by outsiders who had little or no knowledge about core values of the organization. This created organizational tension. Management teams within the organization could not function in a cross functional manner as they only had access to specific knowledge. Employees of the organization were no longer valued the way they had been till now and this resulted in high employee turnover. Since local store managers and employees were no longer a part of the decision making process, their responsibility and accountability towards a blunder decreased and the management no longer was able to hold a single person/ group of people responsible for something that had gone wrong(Parker, 2011).

Inventory and Infrastructure

A third most significant problem faced by Lululemon might be recognised in the form of lack of inventory and infrastructure.
In accordance with academic literature, the theory of legitimation crisis has been well recognised and supported in the field of management accounting. In accordance with this theory, an organization and the accounting management system within might be treated as a structure where crisis might be caused as a result of four different factors namely rationality, economic, motivation and legitimacy. ERP systems in organizations were developed as a result of increasing popularity of this approach and to be able to deal with uncertainties in these four areas (Joensson & Lukka, 2006).
In this case Lululemon had been expanding fairly quickly. It had gone from under 20 stores in a domestic market to approximately 35 stores in both Canada and the U.S under a rapid expansion plan. This did not give the company enough time or resources to put the required amount of research in getting the order quantities right, doing demand forecasting and retail assortment etc. Hot products from the company would therefore vanish from stores in a matter of three days thereby revealing a huge gap in production and demand.
This problem can easily be explained on the basis of the theory of legitimation crisis. The theory clearly suggests that an accounting management system in an organization might experience crisis based on four different factors. In this case, economy of production contributed to the crisis as production costs were extremely high and this came in addition to off shore production and a distribution system for two different countries. The idea of fuelling expansion without first building the required inventory base had appeared legitimate at first. Motivation levels within the organization were at an all time low as everyone had been operating only on a limited amount of information thereby resulting in huge communication gaps which further served to widen the gap between production and demand (Malmi & Granlund, 2009).
Consequences of this problem could be recognised in the form of a drop in per square foot of sales even as the company kept expanding. The brand’s overall image was stained and customers could no longer trust the brand to fulfil its commitments. Performance and therefore profit margins of stores dwindled even further thereby increasing the company’s financial losses (Nielsen, 2010).

Conclusion

Looking at the above discussion, it might be concluded that three most significant problems that Lululemon was faced with consisted of cross border expansion and location control, cultural shift from its original values and inventory and infrastructure problems. These problems combined together resulted in severe consequences for the brand including financial losses, a stained image, higher employee turnover, poor cost recovery and loss of valuable clients to competitors.

References

Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Broadbent, J. (2012). Building on foundations: Analysing and developing the work of Richard Laughlin. Critical Perspectives on Accounting. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2012.09.006

Carter, C., Clegg, S., & Kornberger, M. (2010). Re-framing strategy: power, politics and accounting. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 23(5), 573–594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513571011054891

Joensson, S., & Lukka, K. (2006). There and Back Again: Doing Interventionist Research in Management Accounting. In Chapman, C., Hopwood, A., & Shields, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Management Accounting Research (Vol. 1, pp. 373–397)

Ma, Y., & Tayles, M. (2009). On the emergence of strategic management accounting: An institutional perspective. Accounting and Business Research, 39(5), 473–495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2009.9663379

Malmi, T., & Granlund, M. (2009). In Search of Management Accounting Theory. European Accounting Review,18(3), 597–620

Nielsen, R. (2010). Practitioner-based Theory Building in Organizational Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 93,401–406

Parker, L. D. (2011). Twenty-one years of social and environmental accountability research: A coming of age. Accounting Forum, 35, 1–10


Whittle, A., & Mueller, F. (2010). Strategy, enrolment and accounting: the politics of strategic ideas. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 23(5), 626–646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513571011054918

Education Program


Education Program
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Table of Contents

 















Introduction

Main purpose of this assessment is to develop an education initiative to address the topic of childhood obesity. In this context, the developed program would seek to include components of health literacy and empowerment and would use the health promotion models as a guide for its development. Proceeding towards fulfilment of these objectives, the assessment first describes the context and environment of the proposed program. As a next step, aims and objectives of the program have been defined along with its background and implementation rationale. This is followed by a description of the actual initiative which has been developed and a discussion of possible evaluation methods for the program. Strengths and limitations of the program have also been discussed.

Title of the Project

Since the project seeks to address the topic of childhood obesity, it would be titled as ‘Kidz Health’.

Context and Environment

‘Kidz Health’ would be a health education program targeted at all school going children. This program would help children in making healthy changes in their diet, affect, communication skills and exercise routines. Further, the program would seek to decrease obesity, improve the level of physical and cardiovascular fitness and increase knowledge about nutrition in school aged children.
This program is being developed in order to tackle the issue of childhood obesity. According to literature, childhood obesity is defined as a condition where a child’s wellbeing or mental health is negatively affected by his or her excess body weight. Also according to research, obesity of one or both parents has been classified as the biggest risk factor for childhood obesity followed by metabolic disorders. Childhood obesity might also be the resultant of unhealthy dietary and lifestyle choices in children. Obese children run more than double the risk of being obese as adults and develop obesity related problems such as type 2 diabetes, stroke, heart diseases and osteoarthritis etc. Obesity related risks might also serve to reduce the lifespan of obese children (Franks et al, 2010).
In accordance with increasing competition, peer pressure and urban lifestyle of children, the problem of childhood obesity has been recognised as a major issue in the Australian community. Further, social networking, satellite television have served to make the world an increasingly connected and smaller place where everything can be accessed from the comfort of an individual’s home. Development of fast food and its growing popularity has also been recognised to play a major role in childhood obesity in Unites States, Europe and Australia (Biro & Wien, 2010).

Aims and Objectives

Main aim of the program would be to decrease childhood obesity in all school going children in Australia, improve the level of their physical fitness and empower them to make healthier food choices.
Following objectives would be addressed by the program:
·         To see a significant weight reduction in participating children over a period of 10 weeks
·         To see a significant improvement in BMI of all participating children over a period of 10 weeks
·         To see a significant improvement in knowledge about nutrition management in all participating children over a period of 10 weeks

Background and Rationale

According to statistics obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, approximately one-quarter of all children between the ages of 5 and 17 years in Australia (which is around 60,000) were either overweight or obese in 2010. This was a four percentage point increase over statistics taken in the year 2008. Looking into age and gender based statistics, it could be determined that this increase was majorly seen in boys between the ages of 5 and 12 years. The obesity rate for boys in this age group went up from 5% in the year 2008 to 10% in the year 2010. No major increase was registered in the obesity rate for girls in the same age group. Obesity rate for boys in the age group of 13-17 years went up from 6% in the year 2008 to 13% in the year 2010. Obesity rate for girls in the age group 13-17 years went up from 12% in 2008 to 20% in 2010 (ABS, 2010).
As mentioned earlier, levels of childhood obesity have been increasing around the world owing to a number of factors including a sedentary lifestyle, fast food choices and genetic factors. Obesity has been recognised as one of the greatest contributors to global burden of disability and chronic diseases. The condition not only has been associated with significant social and health impacts but also with major economic impacts. Total annual estimated cost of obesity in Australia in the year 2010 was approximately $ 58 billion. This included costs of carers, productivity and the healthcare system as a whole. In this context, it is necessary that programs which seek to reduce this health, social and economic burden on the country are introduced and implemented (Byrne et al, 2011).
The proposed program fits in with broader health promotion initiative in Australia as the government in the year 2007 announced guidelines for promotion of physical activity and health eating habits in children between the age group of 5-17 years. The government also sanctioned a budget of $ 2.3 billion to be used in promotional activities over the next 5 years (Olds et al, 2009).

Methodology of Initiative

Kidz Health would be delivered over a period of 10 consecutive weeks and during these weeks a comprehensive workbook would serve as a guideline for making and implementing dietary and lifestyle changes. The workbook would also serve to increase knowledge related to nutrition, managing calories and checking labels of their merchandise. A workbook would be assigned to each participant of the program and they would be encouraged to complete weekly homework assignments either individually or in groups.
Classroom instruction would be provided 5 days a week for 10 consecutive weeks within a classroom setting. 1 hour instruction session would include nutritional information, obesity statistics, negative consequences, healthy lifestyle choices and healthy dietary choices. Instruction sessions would be followed by encouraging participating children to participate in activities such as role playing and practicing problem solving techniques. Children would also be effectively instructed on learning to express their feelings in a more effective manner and handle teasing. Hands on materials and game like approaches would be utilised to teach the difference between low and high fat foods. Each classroom session would be 2 hours in duration.
All participants would be encouraged to participate in 30 minutes exercise routine for 5 days a week for 10 consecutive weeks (unless they have a medical reason for not being able to do so or they do not provide their consent for the same). Exercise routine would comprise of a variety of physical activities designed in accordance with age and body mass index of participants.
This program is supported by the cognitive-affective processing system which argues that behaviour of an individual is not the resultant of global personality traits but is the direct resultant of the individual’s perceptions in a particular situation. In accordance with this system, the program tries to simulate real life situations such as teasing, bullying etc in order to inculcate positive behavioural changes that are sustainable in nature (Morf & Mischel, 2011).
The program is also supported by Model of Health Promotion as provided by Downie et al 1990. The model seeks to suggest that health education, disease prevention and health protection occur in three mutually overlapping domains which are inseparable and aid each other. In accordance with this model, the proposed program inculcated health education, disease prevention and health protection as three major components of the program (Dustin et al, 2009).

Possible Evaluation Methods

Every implemented program needs to be evaluated in order to determine if the program has been successful in achieving the desired results or not. Evaluation also helps in determining if path of progression of the implemented program is in accordance with the pre-decided costs and implementation schedule. Lastly, but importantly, evaluation plays an important role in providing a benchmark for comparison as results pre and post program implementation can be compared to draw meaningful results (Kuhar et al, 2012). Three major kinds of evaluation techniques namely process evaluation; impact evaluation and outcome evaluation have been listed in literature. Process evaluation aims to evaluate the actual development and implementation of a program in terms of achievement of quantifiable targets and strategies (Flowers, 2010). Outcome evaluation of the other hand aims to measure specific changes which have occurred as a direct result of program implementation. Lastly, impact evaluation aims to suggest impact of the implemented program on a broader scale (Durlak et al, 2011).
A quasi pre test post test experimental setup would be utilised in order to evaluate results of this program. Parameters like weight in kilograms, body mass index and skin folds on triceps would be collected pre and post the 10 week program duration. Nutritional knowledge would be assessed with the help of questionnaires pre and post the 10 week program duration (Durlak et al, 2011).

Strengths and Limitations

Following are the strengths of the program:
·         An active initiative to improve the level of physical fitness and knowledge in children
·         Scope for national implementation on being successful
·         Guided lesson plans and activities in consultation with nutritionists and fitness experts
·         Government support
Following are the limitations of the program
·         10 week time frame might not be sufficient to see significant results
·         Lack of participation
·         Educators might not be able to deliver the program efficiently

Conclusion

Kidz Health is a comprehensive education program which is aimed at improving the level of physical fitness, decreasing obesity and improving knowledge about nutrition management in all school going children in Australia. The program would comprise of classroom instruction followed by in class activities and a 30 minute exercise routine. Duration of implementation would be 10 weeks and a pre test post test quasi experimental design would be utilised in order to evaluate success of the program.







References

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